a:

ĐKXĐ: x<>-1/2

Để \(\dfrac{2x^3+x^2+2x+2}{2x+1}\in Z\) thì

\(2x^3+x^2+2x+1+1⋮2x+1\)

=>\(2x+1\inƯ\left(1\right)\)

=>2x+1 thuộc {1;-1}

=>x thuộc {0;-1}

b:

ĐKXĐ: x<>1/3

 \(\dfrac{3x^3-7x^2+11x-1}{3x-1}\in Z\)

=>3x^3-x^2-6x^2+2x+9x-3+2 chia hết cho 3x-1

=>2 chia hết cho 3x-1

=>3x-1 thuộc {1;-1;2;-2}

=>x thuộc {2/3;0;1;-1/3}

mà x nguyên

nên x thuộc {0;1}

c: 

ĐKXĐ: x<>2

\(\dfrac{x^4-16}{x^4-4x^3+8x^2-16x+16}\in Z\)

=>\(\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+4\right)⋮\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)\)

=>\(x+2⋮x-2\)

=>x-2+4 chia hết cho x-2

=>4 chia hết cho x-2

=>x-2 thuộc {1;-1;2;-2;4;-4}

=>x thuộc {3;1;4;0;6;-2}

a: Để A là số nguyên thì

x^3-2x^2+4 chia hết cho x-2

=>\(x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2\right\}\)

b: Để B là số nguyên thì

\(3x^3-x^2-6x^2+2x+9x-3+2⋮3x-1\)

=>\(3x-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};0;1;-\dfrac{1}{3}\right\}\)

Điều kiện: \(x\ne2\)

Phân tích tử thức: \(x^4-16=\left(x^2\right)^2-4^2=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+4\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)\)

Phân tích mẫu thức: \(x^4-4x^3+8x^2-16x+16=\left(x^4-4x^3+4x^2\right)+\left(4x^2-16x+16\right)\)

\(=x^2\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)\)

Ta có: \(P=\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)}=\frac{x+2}{x-2}=\frac{\left(x-2\right)+4}{x-2}=1+\frac{4}{x-2}\)

Để P là số nguyên thì \(x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x-2\in\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0;1;3;4;6\right\}\)

Điều kiện: x\ne2x̸​=2

Phân tích tử thức: x^4-16=\left(x^2\right)^2-4^2=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+4\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)x4−16=(x2)2−42=(x2−4)(x2+4)=(x−2)(x+2)(x2+4)

Phân tích mẫu thức: x^4-4x^3+8x^2-16x+16=\left(x^4-4x^3+4x^2\right)+\left(4x^2-16x+16\right)x4−4x3+8x2−16x+16=(x4−4x3+4x2)+(4x2−16x+16)

=x^2\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)=x2(x2−4x+4)+4(x2−4x+4)=(x−2)2(x2+4)

Ta có: P=\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)}=\frac{x+2}{x-2}=\frac{\left(x-2\right)+4}{x-2}=1+\frac{4}{x-2}P=(x−2)2(x2+4)(x−2)(x+2)(x2+4)​=x−2x+2​=x−2(x−2)+4​=1+x−24​

Để P là số nguyên thì x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)x−2∈Ư(4)

\Rightarrow x-2\in\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}⇒x−2∈{−4;−2;−1;1;2;4}

\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0;1;3;4;6\right\}⇒x∈{−2;0;1;3;4;6}

a) \(\dfrac{2x+3}{x-5}=\dfrac{2\left(x-5\right)+13}{x-5}=2+\dfrac{13}{x-5}\)

Để \(2+\dfrac{13}{x-5}\in Z\)

thì \(\dfrac{13}{x-5}\in Z\Rightarrow13⋮x-5\)

\(\Rightarrow x-5\inƯ\left(13\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x-5\in\left\{\pm1;\pm13\right\}\)

Xét các trường hợp...

b) \(\dfrac{x^3-x^2+2}{x-1}=\dfrac{x^2\left(x-1\right)+2}{x-1}=x^2+\dfrac{2}{x-1}\)

Tương tự câu a)

c) \(\dfrac{x^3-2x^2+4}{x-2}=\dfrac{x^2\left(x-2\right)+4}{x-2}=x^2+\dfrac{4}{x-2}\)

...

d) \(\dfrac{2x^3+x^2+2x+2}{2x+1}=\dfrac{x^2\left(2x+1\right)+2x+2}{2x+1}=x^2+\dfrac{2x+2}{2x+1}\)

Khi đó lí luận cho \(2x+2⋮2x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)+1⋮2x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow1⋮2x+1\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+1\inƯ\left(1\right)\)

...

e) \(\dfrac{3x^3-7x^2+11x-1}{3x-1}=\dfrac{x^2\left(3x-1\right)-2x\left(3x-1\right)+3\left(3x-1\right)+2}{3x-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2-2x+3\right)\left(3x-1\right)+2}{3x-1}=\left(x^2-2x+3\right)+\dfrac{2}{3x-1}\)

...

f) \(\dfrac{x^4-16}{x^4-4x^3+8x^2-16x+16}=\dfrac{\left(x^2\right)^2-4^2}{\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2+4\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2\left(x^2+4\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-4}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{x+2}{x-2}=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)+4}{x-2}=1+\dfrac{4}{x-2}\)

....

a, \(\dfrac{x^3+27}{x^2-3x+9}=\dfrac{x+3}{M}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)}{x^2-3x+9}=\dfrac{x+3}{M}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{x+3}{x+3}=1\)

b, \(\dfrac{M}{x+4}=\dfrac{x^2-8x+16}{16-x^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)^2}{\left(4-x\right)\left(x+4\right)}=\dfrac{4-x}{x+4}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{\left(4-x\right)\left(x+4\right)}{x+4}=4-x\)

c, tương tự 

b, tuong tu